Who inrud prescribing indicators
Who inrud prescribing indicators. A study must have specified the total number of patient encounters Methods. In an accompanying paper we reported on patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators in 10 primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Eastern province of Saudi Arabia [11]. In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The prescribing indicators are summarized in Table 1. Braz J Pharm Sci. Jun 25, 2021 · Background Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. Prescribing indicators were used to assess medication prescribing patterns within healthcare settings. 043. SpringerPlus DOI 10. About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the AWaRe 2021 classification. 2022 Aug 19;17(8):e0272936. Conclusions: Prescribing indicators for the African region deviate significantly from the WHO reference targets. In order to get the baseline data of Chinese Zero-Medicine Markup Policy, before any administrative intervention we investigated the drug indicators, the prescribing trends and economic data. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. 1186/s40064-016-3615-1 Open Access RESEARCH WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan Muhammad Atif1*, Muhammad Azeem1, Muhammad Rehan Sarwar1, Samia Shahid1, Sidra Javaid1, Huria Ikram1 Jul 29, 2020 · Chijioke-Nwauche I, Akodo J. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. Jun 1, 2021 · INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the . Generic prescribing, was very much lower. ” This communication focuses on May 20, 2021 · Objectives: To assess antibiotic prescribing patterns at health care facilities (HCF) in Ilala district, Tanzania. Based on the available data variables [ 12 ], we calculated the following indicators and summarized in Table 1 : Atif et al. 16, ranging from 1 to 5, and around 50% of prescription contains two medicines. The indicators were pretested, and slight modification was made so that they could be used easily to provide accurate data. J. 7%) were prescribed from the KEML 2016 (prescribing indicator 5). Jun 25, 2021 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. 0272936. Dec 8, 2016 · We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. Jul 1, 2022 · By comparing the related data, Zero-Medicine Markup Policy had greatly affected prescribing indicators, some indicators had a decreasing trend and became more rational, zero-Markup Medicine Policy decreased both the patient-level and hospital-level drug expenses, and the reformation of the Zero- Medicine Mark up Policy was steadily advanced. 7) medicines prescribed per consultation and an average of 84% ( n = 510) of the antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. the quality of drug prescribing. 3), the drugs prescribed by generic name were 56. 2014;4(3):89-94. Laychiluh B. Dec 8, 2016 · For the prescribing indicators, 1000 prescriptions (100 prescriptions per PHCC) were systematically sampled out of the total 290,000 prescriptions written during January to December 2014. 2. JVAL. 4%, respectively. Pharm Atif et al. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Nov 8, 2016 · Irrational prescribing practices exist all over the world and eventually they lead to unwanted effects in patients (Akl et al. Oct 28, 2021 · The average number of medicines per encounter was higher than the WHO recommended value but the usage of antibiotic and injectable drugs were within recommended standards. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad Jun 21, 2021 · According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. SpringerPlus. 6-1. These drug use indicators are usually used in assessing nization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) drug use prescribing indicators. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. Prescribing Indicators. 1186/s40064-016-3615-1 RESEARCH WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department Apr 8, 2021 · About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the Sep 22, 2016 · Results. Prescribing indicators Average number of medicines per encounter - calculated by dividing the total number of different medicines prescribed by the number of prescriptions surveyed (WHO recommended value – 1. ” The core drug use indicators have come to be recognized as “objective measures that can describe the drug use situation in a country, region or individual health facility. J North Jiaotong Univer. Dec 1, 2016 · About 200 prescription records from 2020 to 2022 were analysed at each hospital for prescribing patterns using WHO/ International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators (1993) and the Aug 22, 2016 · We included only observational studies published in English in peer-reviewed Journals between 1 st January 1995 and 31 st December 2015, which reported at least one WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicator or where these indicators were derivable from results/data presented. Prescriptions were obtained from five major specialties, namely Jun 19, 2020 · 3. 2016. 6 Finally, the data was evaluated against WHO standards and presented in a table. A total of 3199 drugs were prescribed with an average number of 2. No facility had an Nov 8, 2016 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan Springerplus . Assessment of drug prescription practice using WHO prescribing indicators in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH) outpatient department, North, Ethiopia. 9 ± 0. The overall average number of drugs prescribed per patient encounter was 2. Book Google Scholar Vooss AT, Diefenthaeler HS. Data were collected to identify WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators and commonly prescribed medi-cines in the above study settings. doi: 10. A total of 1500 patient prescriptions were assessed retrospectively in the medical outpatient pharmacy of health centers. The prescribing indicators that were measured included: 1. Factors associated with antibiotic prescription were analysed using Jun 19, 2020 · The rest of the prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential medicines list were within the optimal range of values recommended by the WHO . The aim of this study was to assess the prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department of the Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 2016; 5 (1):1928. 7) medicines prescribed per consultation and an average of 84% (n = 510) of the antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. pdf (321. East Mediterr Health J. 5 %, no injections were prescribed and 98. average number of medicines prescribed per prescription . 99 (SD = 0. 1 drugs per prescription. WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Data was collected The manual also explains how these twelve indicators, which measure prescribing practices, the quality of patient care, and the availability of drugs, can be used as a simple tool for gathering objective, useful data quickly, easily, and in a reproducible manner. Also, in a study carried out in Eritrea's community pharmacies, it was found that the percentage of antibiotics being prescribed Nov 1, 2012 · A total of 450 prescriptions were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health Jan 8, 2022 · INRUD Prescribing Indicators. Methods: A 1 year retrospective study was conducted in four HCFs using WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators. 1995;19:393–400. Prescribing indicators were computed using the formula adopted by the WHO for prescribing indicators assessment. With respect to prescribing indicators, results of the present study were less than the optimal value except that of average drugs/encounter and encounters with injection prescribed. 2014;9(1):54–64. Prescriptions were obtained from five major specialties, namely Nov 8, 2016 · Irrational prescribing practices exist all over the world and eventually they lead to unwanted effects in patients (Akl et al. The difference in the average number of drugs prescribed per patient encounter differed significantly among the 10 PPHCCs, p = 0. Aug 19, 2022 · The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. Evaluation of drug use pattern in Lulu Brigg’s Health Centre, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using WHO, prescribing indicators. Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar MR, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, et al. 16, ranging from 1 to 5, and around 50% of . Mar 15, 2020 · into two groups, namely core and complementary indicators. In a single pharmacy outlet 30 consecutive Sep 22, 2016 · Irrational use of drugs was observed in both OPDs. El Mahalli A. 0. 6% (optimal value = 100%), the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 48. May 9, 2021 · A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the WHO/INRUD Drug Use Prescribing Core Indicators at Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, Pakistan May 2021 LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 40(Lat. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Antipyretic and antibiotic injections were frequently prescribed. Jun 21, 2021 · The variables of this study were the rational use of medicine using WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. A total of 1203 drugs were prescribed from the 604 analysed prescriptions. 5 (Prescribing indicator 1), ranging from one to eight drugs per prescription. WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. 8) See full list on bmcpharmacoltoxicol. 1186/s40064-016-3615-1. Alfoalem Araba Abiye 1*, Hanan Muzeyin K edir 1, Samson Sahile Salile 2, Binyam Abera W oldamo 1, Hana Saif Ali 1, Alemseged Beyene Berhe 1. Increased collaborative efforts are urgently Aug 19, 2022 · Drug prescribing and dispensing practices in regional and national referral hospitals of Eritrea: Evaluation with WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators PLoS One . 1371/journal. Polypharmacy, brand prescribing, over-prescribing of antibiotics, short consultation and dispensing times, lack of patients' knowledge about prescribed medicines and unavailability of all key drugs in stock were the major issues that need attention … El Mahalli AA. Oct 22, 2019 · El Mahalli A. EMHJ. EMHJ_2012_18_11_1091_1096. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1928 DOI 10. Out of the 2636 drugs prescribed, 2550 (96. Aug 22, 2016 · Prescribing indicators were generally worse in private compared with public facilities. Jan 29, 2021 · A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to identify core prescribing indicators and commonly prescribed medicines. 2014). 2016 Nov 8;5(1):1928. Sep 27, 2022 · The prescribing indicators developed by the WHO/INRUD were assessed in this study, with the exception of encounters with antibiotics prescribed, which have already been assessed . Dec 8, 2016 · Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar MR, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, et al. According to WHO recommendations, at least 600 encounters should be included in a cross-sectional survey in order to describe the prescribing indicators . For the assessment of prescribing indicators, 800 sample size was selected. The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. Jun 2, 2023 · The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility indicators. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2. Analysis of prescribing across two time points 1995-2005 and 2006-2015 showed no consistent trends. 2012;18(11):1091–6. The final versions of the pretested indicators are described below. 6Kb) Nov 28, 2023 · Results . Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. May 20, 2021 · Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. In accordance with the WHO/INRUD criteria and cross-sectional studies, the retrospective methods along with … Aug 3, 2023 · A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in three regional referral hospitals. In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. biomedcentral. 8), the drugs prescribed by the generic name were 71. pone. Oct 28, 2021 · The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing and patient-care) defined below were evaluated . 6–1. Index system, appraising method for comprehensive appraisal. This Mar 1, 2014 · This study measured the performance of PHCCs regarding the use of drugs in Alexandria, Egypt using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. Aug 22, 2016 · Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. A. com May 20, 2021 · Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators A total of 1203 drugs were prescribed from the 604 analysed prescriptions. 4 (SD = 0. . 1 and exported to and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Sep 14, 2023 · The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility indicators. 1016/J. PubMed Google Scholar Zhang Y, Zhi M. Under prescribing indicators: number of medicines per encounter, medicines prescribed by generic name, percent encounters with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed, and percent of medicines prescribed from the EML or formulary of the Nov 27, 2020 · Data were entered into EPI-Data Version 3. The objectives of the current study were to use the WHO/INRUD prescribing indica-tors to assess rational drug prescribing in the same Oct 28, 2021 · The World 11 Health Organisation (WHO) and International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) 12 prescribing indicators were used to assess for polypharmacy, injection use, use of antibiotics Sep 27, 2022 · The prescribing indicators developed by the WHO/INRUD were assessed in this study, with the exception of encounters with antibiotics prescribed, which have already been assessed . 33. The indicators measure performance in three related areas of “prescribing practices, patient care, and facility-specific factors. For instance, the country performance indicator of generic prescribing was measured by dividing the observed value by the optimal value (100%). Based on the available data variables [ 12 ], we calculated the following indicators and summarized in Table 1 : The appropriate use of drugs including antibiotics is crucial towards achieving better quality of life. 2 and 24. 7. Diclofenac and Ceftriaxone injections were the most widely prescribed injections, at 38. Jun 25, 2021 · Background: Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. A total of 300 randomly selected patients (30 per PHCC) and 10 pharmacy personnel (one per PHCC) were observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care DOI: 10. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in eastern province, Saudi Arabia; 2012. 8 (SD = 1. WHO/INRUD drug prescribing indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. 2011;47(2):385–90. 3. In order to get the baseline data of Chinese Zero Jun 21, 2021 · Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. 2012;18(11):1091-1096. Int J Pharm. 2017;6:506–510. The Pharmainnovation J. 9% (optimal range May 7, 2013 · Prescribing indicators. encounter was 2. 8 % of the drugs prescribed were from the Essential Drugs List (EDL). Therefore, both health centers should work towards promoting the rational use of medicines. Jul 27, 2021 · The indicators collected were prescribing indicators (percentage of number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters with an antibiotic, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed, percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list or formulary), patient care indicators Apr 18, 2021 · Prescribing practice according to WHO/INRUD core medicine prescribing indicators showed that the average number of medicines prescribed per prescription encounter was 2. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in three regional referral hospitals. The total numbers of drugs prescribed by generic name were 3137 (98%). 6 %, the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 51. The studied health centres in Ilala district had an average of 1. The core indicators have been pre-tested and standardized, and are grouped into three major categories namely prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific indicators (7). The EML prescribing, labelling and percentage dispensed medicines fared much better al … Box 1 Selected WHO/INRUD* drug use indicators for primary health care facilities (WHO, 1993) Prescribing Indicators: Average number of medicines prescribed per patient encounter % medicines prescribed by generic name % encounters with an antibiotic prescribed % encounters with an injection prescribed % medicines prescribed from essential Jan 30, 2021 · A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to identify core prescribing indicators and commonly prescribed medicines. 1. According to WHO recommendations, at least 600 encounters should be included in a cross-sectional survey in order to de-scribe the prescribing indicators [12]. Am. View/ Open. 573 Corpus ID: 15020894; Assessment of core drug use indicators using WHO/INRUD methodology at primary healthcare centers in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Evaluation of prescription indicators established by the WHO in Getúlio Vargas-RS. Sep 22, 2016 · El Mahalli A. 09. 8) (optimal range = 1. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. sui qdo xnpeq isyf gezg setvvs nud ldcicnye mjyww gygqtpe